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Rogue River Wars
The Rogue River Wars was an armed conflict in 1855–1856 between the US Army, local militias and volunteers, and the Native American tribes commonly grouped under the designation of Rogue River Indians, in the Rogue River Valley area of what today is southern Oregon.〔Waldman, Carl. "(Takelma and Tututni resistance )." Atlas of the North American Indian, Third Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2009. American Indian History Online. Facts On File, Inc. (accessed December 4, 2012)〕 While the conflict designation usually includes only the hostilities that took place during 1855–1856, numerous previous skirmishes, as early as the 1830s, had been escalating in the area, eventually breaking into open warfare.
==Origins==
The interaction of the Rogue River Indians and the first settlers who established homesteads in the area was relatively peaceful. However, the situation changed drastically with the opening of the Oregon Trail and the gold rushes in northern California and later in eastern Oregon. Larger groups of settlers and miners entered the area, consuming without restrictions the natural resources upon which the Indians relied on for living, like hunting, fishing and chopping down entire forests of oak trees.
The first recorded hostilities can be traced to American Ewing Young’s travel to Oregon in 1834 when his party murdered several natives and buried their bodies on the island where the party was camped. These bodies were later discovered by the local tribe and led to a retaliation the next year when an American fur trapping party passed through and was attacked by the Indians.〔 Four of the eight European-Americans were killed with William J. Bailey and George Gay as two survivors.〔 Then in 1837 (as part of the Willamette Cattle Company) Bailey, Gay and others were herding cattle north to the Willamette Valley when Gay shot and killed a native boy for no other reason than in retaliation for the previous attacks years earlier.〔 The local Indians were unsuccessful in seeking vengeance during the remainder of the cattle drive as only a few animals were lost to their attacks.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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